Pelaksanaan Kemahiran Berfikir dalam Pengajaran Bahasa Melayu

Yahya Othman

Abstrak

Kemahiran berfikir penting dalam pelaksanaan sistem pendidikan negara. Dalam usaha untuk melahirkan pelajar yang berpengetahuan dan berkemahiran, amalan berfikir secara kritis dan kreatif perlu ditekankan dalam pengajaran bahasa dalam kelas. Walaupun pelaksanaannya telah lama dilakukan, namun masih wujud masalah terutama dari segi ke­fahaman guru dan amalan pedagogi. Kajian di Negeri Sembilan menunjuk­kan bahawa masih lagi terdapat faktor yang mengekang kelancaran pelaksanaannya; pemahaman guru terhadap cara pelaksanaan dalam bilik darjah, termasuklah kefahaman konsep, penggunaan alat berfikir dan rujukan yang sesuai.  

Abstract

In implementing the national educational system, thinking skill is re­quired. Creative and critical thinking is greatly emphasized in the teach­ing of Malay. Although it has been long implemented, some teachers still do not fully understand the concept. Studies in Negeri Sembilan showed that there are factors inhibiting the implementation of cre­ative and critical thinking in schools: the understanding of its imple­mentation and concept, as well as the use of references and devices.

RUJUKAN

Abdul Hadi Mohamad, 1997. “Amalan Penyebatian Kemahiran Berfikir dalam  Pengajaran dan Pemelajaran Bahasa Melayu KBSR” Kertas Kerja Wacana  Pendidikan ke-4, MP Pasir Panjang, KualaTerengganu.

Alvino, J., 1990. “Building Better Thinkers” dlm. Learning, Jil. 18 (2) (40).

Beyer, B.K., 1987. Practical Strategies for the Teaching of Thinking. Boston: Allyn Bacon.

Chambers, 1988. Thinking in the Classroom. New York: Teachers College Press, Columbia University.

Chance, P., 1986. Thinking in the Classroom. New York: Teachers College Press, Columbia University.

Clasen, D. R. ,dan C. Bonk, 1990. Teachers Tackle Thinking . Madison, Wis: Madi­son Education Extension Program.

De Bono. E., 1976. “The Direct Teaching of Thinking in Education and CoRT Method”. dlm. McLure. S., dan Davies. P. Learning To Think. New York: Pergamon Press.

Ghazali Mustapha, 1997. “An Investigation into Teacher’s Question and Task to Develop Reading Comprehension: The Application of the Cogaff Taxonomy in Developing Critical Thinking in Malaysia”. Tesis Doktor Falsafah.

Johari Yusuf, 1997. “Aras Kognitif Soalan Kefahaman Ujian Bahasa Melayu Tahun 6 Sekolah Rendah di Negeri Terengganu:” Hala Tuju UPSR. dlm. Kertas Kerja Wacana Pendidikan Maktab Perguruan Pasir Panjang, Kuala Terengganu.

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, 1990. Alat-alat Berfikir. Unit Kurikulum, Bahagian Pendidikan Guru, Kuala Lumpur.

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, 1993. Kemahiranl Berfikir Secara Kritis dan Kreatif-Model Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran. Unit Kurikulum, Bahagian Pendidikan Guru, Kuala Lumpur.

Leming, J.S., 1989. “Some Critical Thought About Teaching of Critical Think­ing”. dlm. Studies, Jil. 89 (2).

Lee Lai Guan, 1995. “Kajian Keberkesanan Kursus Kemahiran Berfikir Secara Kritis dan Kreatif di Kalangan Guru Pelatih Institut Perguruan Darul Aman” Kertas Kerja Seminar Penyelidikan Pendidikan, Sarawak.

Marzano, R.I. 1991. “Language, the Language Art, and Thinking. dlm. James Flood et al. (ed.)” Handbook of Research on Teaching the English Lan­guage Art. New York: McMillan Publishing Co.

Nickerson, R. Perkins, D. dan Smith, E., 1985. The Teaching of Thinking, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Assc. Publishers.

Rajendran Nagappan, 1998. “Teaching Higher Order Thinking Skills in Language Classroom: The Needs for Transformation of Teaching Practice”. Disertasi Doktor Falsafah. !

Resnick, L.B., dan Klopfer, 1989. Toward the Thinking Curriculum: Current Cog­nitive Research. Alexanderia, VSA: ASCD.

Sprapani. E.F., 1998. “Encouraging Thinking in High School and Middle School: Constraints and Possibilities”. dlm. Clearing House, Jil. 71 (5). Swartz, R.I., dan D.N., Perkins, 1990. Teaching Thinking: Issues and Approaches. Pacific Groves, Calif.: Midwest Publication.

Wan Hasnah Abdullah, 1997 “Persepsi Guru Pelatih terhadap Keyakinan Diri dan Amalan KBKK dalam Penataran Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran”. Kertas Kerja Wacana Pendidikan ke-4, Maktab Perguruan Pasir Panjang, Kuala Terengganu.

(Teks Penuh)